{"id":19,"date":"2025-05-13T15:41:09","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T13:41:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/172.16.34.18:8809\/?page_id=19"},"modified":"2025-12-08T09:38:06","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T08:38:06","slug":"description-of-ses-logos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/description-of-ses-logos\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil Ecosystem Services (SES)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from the ecosystem (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.millenniumassessment.org\/en\/index.html\">MEA 2005<\/a>).<br>As an integral part of the terrestrial ecosystem, soils play a crucial role in the provision of a myriad of so-called&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/home\/en\"><strong><em>soil ecosystem services<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fb1921960e6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"1187\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-105512.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-961\" style=\"object-fit:contain;width:339px;height:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-105512.png 840w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-105512-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-105512-725x1024.png 725w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-105512-768x1085.png 768w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-105512-764x1080.png 764w\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org\/atlas-introduction\">https:\/\/www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org\/atlas-introduction<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fb192196eff&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"589\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-112148.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-962\" style=\"width:261px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-112148.png 544w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-13-112148-277x300.png 277w\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/ecology.fnal.gov\/ecosystem-services\/\">https:\/\/ecology.fnal.gov\/ecosystem-services\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.234), 17px);\">Soil is the basis of Alpine ecosystems; it is a fundamental natural resource especially in the vulnerable Alpine Region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.234), 17px);\">Through the sustainable management and protection of soil, we enhance the sustainable management of the Alpine environment, considerably contribute to the performance and resilience of key ecosystem services, preserve biodiversity, and ensure the well-being of humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69fb192198591&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"704\" height=\"505\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" sizes=\"(max-width: 704px) 100vw, 704px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-s2.0-S0016706115300380-gr1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-963\" style=\"width:601px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-s2.0-S0016706115300380-gr1.jpg 704w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-s2.0-S0016706115300380-gr1-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1-s2.0-S0016706115300380-gr1-418x300.jpg 418w\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0016706115300380\">Adhikari and&nbsp;Hartemink (2016)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color\" style=\"color:#000000;font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.234), 17px);\">Soil management and protection is provided for in the framework of the Soil Conservation Protocol of the Alpine Convention, which is aimed at safeguarding the multifunctional role of soil based on the concept of sustainable development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" id=\"block-fb4f2b8d-ed69-43c8-981c-e12c9616d38b\">The provision of soil ecosystem services relies on soil properties, processes and functions. Furthermore, healthy and diverse soils ensure biodiversity among soil biota (soil biodiversity), which in turn guarantees the provision of soil ecosystem services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Soil ecosystem services are vital components to all aspects of life and they support the production of ecosystem goods and services, such as:<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Food, fibre, and energy provision<\/mark>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Water storage and purification<\/mark>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Neutralization, filtering and buffering of pollutants<\/mark>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Natural hazard regulation<\/mark>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Climate regulation<\/mark>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-kubio-color-6-color\">Archive natural and cultural phenomena.<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Since soil ecosystem services are based on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/?page_id=13\">Soil Functions<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/?page_id=22\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"22\">Soil Biodiversity<\/a>, this section also holds further information on those topics. You can read more about ecosystem functions and services in a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org\/atlas-introduction\">&nbsp;summary<\/a>, written by&nbsp;<em>Dr Edmundo Barrios (UN Food &amp; Agriculture Organization).<\/em> You can also download the Links4Soils booklet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/2019-0125_SoilEcosystemServicesInBriefISBN-WEB.pdf\">https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/2019-0125_SoilEcosystemServicesInBriefISBN-WEB.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/2019-1025_SoilEcosystemServicesInTheAlps-WEB.pdf\">https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/2019-1025_SoilEcosystemServicesInTheAlps-WEB.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SES logos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Below is a description of <strong>the SES logos<\/strong> (created during the Links4Soils project).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Agricultural-Biomass-production-1_imgupscaler.ai_Beta_2K.jpg\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Agricultural biomass production<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The different horizons and the soil profile indicate the properties of fertile soil suitable for growing a variety of crops for food: the diversity and quality of food are indicated by the grain and apple.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Forest-biomass-production-1_imgupscaler.ai_Beta_2K.jpg\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Forest biomass production<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The logo links soil properties, aboveground forest biodiversity, and forest production \u2013 timber needed for construction, various everyday products (e.g. furniture), as well as firewood for green energy.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; 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pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Water-retention-1_imgupscaler.ai_Beta_2K.jpg\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Water retention<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The drop of water lying in the middle of the soil horizons indicates the ability of soils to capture, store, and gradually release water for plants and soil biota as well as for evaporation from the soil surface.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); 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bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Nutrient-cycle-regulation-1_imgupscaler.ai_Beta_2K.jpg\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Nutrient cycle regulation<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>Macro and micro plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and many others) are present in soil due to the microbial fixation of nitrogen, weathering and transformation of primary minerals. Without soil\u2019s capacity to retain, exchange, and cycle nutrients\u00a0in situ, soil fertility would decrease and be significantly reduced. Nutrient regulation and cycling ensures long-term soil fertility and, thereby, the vegetation cover, consisting of wild or cultivated plants.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; 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inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Soil-habitat-and-biodiversity-1-upscaled.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Soil habitat and biodiversity<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The different types and thicknesses of the horizons in the soil profile indicate a physical and very special place rich in soil biota. A myriad of very different organisms live in every handful of soil. The extreme diversity of life forms in soil largely exceeds the aboveground biodiversity. The so-called soil \u2018gene pool\u2019 is a source of useful products, e.g. medicines.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Cultural-and-natural-archives-1-1.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Cultural and natural archives<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>This amphora buried in soil represents cultural artefacts and other remains of ancient civilizations. Hidden, protected, and conserved by soil, artefacts are preserved for modern civilization. The ammonite represents the natural heritage, which in the case of soils, comprises several specific, rare, and well-expressed soil morphological features. Special formations and patterns of horizons, colours, and specific horizons need protection in a similar way as geological features.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Surface-runoff-regulation-1-1.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Surface runoff regulation<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The three drops percolating through the soil horizons indicate how soil largely absorbs rain, snow melt, or flooding waters and therefore reduces surface runoff through infiltration. The drops to the groundwater indicate an additional benefit: groundwater recharge.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Local-climate-regulation-the-cooling-effect-1-1.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Local climate regulation (&#8220;the cooling effect&#8221;)<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The logo presents evaporation from the soil surface and indicates the transpiration of plants. Both processes are joined into evapotranspiration, which cools the surface of soils and plants and thus reduces the temperature resulting the meso- and microclimate.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Recreational-and-spiritual-services-upscaled.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Recreational and spiritual services<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The logo unites humans and different soil properties that determine soil potentials and land uses and largely define natural and cultural landscapes. In an important way, specific soil capacities (starting with depth, water holding capacity, fertility, etc.) define land suitability and contribute to scenic landscapes and natural beauty in relation to a variety of recreational activities, sports, and spiritual benefits.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Water-filtration-and-purification-upscaled.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Water filtration and purification<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The indicated soil horizons have different capacitates to filter percolating precipitation and flood waters, to neutralize and degrade harmful substances, and to enrich the water with minerals. Water cleaned on its way through the soil profile becomes potable groundwater.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Self-contained Flashcard with 3D flip (copy this whole block per card) -->\n<div class=\"fc-solo\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped only to this block *\/\n    .fc-solo{\n      --card-w:min(540px,92vw);\n      --card-h:340px;\n      --radius:16px;\n      --shadow:0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.15);\n      display:grid; justify-items:center; margin:0 auto 1rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc{ \/* <details> wrapper *\/\n      position:relative; width:var(--card-w); height:var(--card-h);\n      border-radius:var(--radius); box-shadow:var(--shadow);\n      background:#111; overflow:hidden; perspective:1200px; \/* 3D *\/\n    }\n\n    \/* Remove default summary marker *\/\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front{ list-style:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo summary.fc__front::marker{ content:\"\"; }\n\n    \/* FRONT summary (acts as overlay when closed; becomes Back button when open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__front{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; border:0; padding:0; margin:0;\n      background:transparent; cursor:pointer; z-index:5;\n    }\n\n    \/* FRONT face content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; display:grid; place-items:center;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(0deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:2;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap::before{\n      content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.45); z-index:1;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__img{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; z-index:0;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__question{\n      position:relative; z-index:2; color:#fff;\n      font-size:clamp(1.1rem,3.5vw,1.6rem); font-weight:700; text-align:center;\n      padding:1.25rem 1rem 2.25rem;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__hint{\n      position:absolute; left:50%; bottom:.6rem; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      z-index:2; font-size:.9rem; background:rgba(255,255,255,.85); color:#111;\n      padding:.25rem .6rem; border-radius:999px; border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\n    }\n\n    \/* BACK face (hidden until open) *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__back{\n      position:absolute; inset:0; background:#fff; color:#111;\n      transform-style:preserve-3d;\n      transform:rotateY(180deg);\n      transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), opacity .3s ease;\n      backface-visibility:hidden; z-index:1; opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.06);\n    }\n\n    \/* Scrollable back content *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer{\n      position:relative; box-sizing:border-box; width:100%; height:100%;\n      padding:1rem 1rem 3.5rem; \/* room for Back button *\/\n      overflow:auto; line-height:1.6; font-size:1.05rem;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; touch-action:pan-y; overscroll-behavior:contain;\n      user-select:text;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar{ width:10px; }\n    .fc-solo .fc__answer::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{ background:#e5e7eb; border-radius:8px; border:2px solid #fff; }\n\n    \/* The Back button is the same <summary>, restyled when open *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc__backlabel{ display:none; }\n\n    \/* OPEN STATE: animate flip *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__frontwrap{\n      transform:rotateY(-180deg); opacity:0; pointer-events:none;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__back{\n      transform:rotateY(0deg); opacity:1; pointer-events:auto;\n    }\n\n    \/* When open, turn summary into a bottom Back button *\/\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front{\n      inset:auto; bottom:.75rem; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%);\n      width:auto; height:auto; background:#f8fafc; color:#111;\n      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); border-radius:999px;\n      padding:.45rem 1.1rem; box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.1);\n      transition:background .2s, transform .2s; z-index:10;\n    }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__front:hover{ background:#e5e7eb; transform:translateX(-50%) scale(1.05); }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__hint{ display:none; }\n    .fc-solo .fc[open] .fc__backlabel{ display:inline; }\n\n    @media (max-width:480px){ .fc-solo{ --card-h:380px; } }\n\n    \/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion *\/\n    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){\n      .fc-solo .fc__frontwrap, .fc-solo .fc__back{ transition:none; }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <details class=\"fc\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Flashcard: Acidophilic\">\n    <!-- FRONT (click to open) -->\n    <summary class=\"fc__front\" aria-label=\"Flip card\">\n      <div class=\"fc__frontwrap\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fc__img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Global-climate-regulation-the-carbon-cycle-Upscaled.png\">\n        <div class=\"fc__question\">Global climate regulation (&#8220;the carbon cycle&#8221;)<\/div>\n        <span class=\"fc__hint\">Click \/ Tap to flip<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <!-- This text appears only when open (as the Back button label) -->\n      <span class=\"fc__backlabel\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&larr; Back<\/span>\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <!-- BACK (visible when open, scrollable) -->\n    <div class=\"fc__back\">\n      <div class=\"fc__answer\">\n        <p>The logo explains different soil properties \u2013 different horizons that to a large extent define the capacity to store, exchange, and cycle carbon (C). C available in the atmosphere as CO2, a greenhouse gas, cycles through plants to the topsoil, where it comprises soil organic matter \u2013 humus and soil organisms. When organic matter is mineralized by microorganisms, the C is returned back to the atmosphere.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from the ecosystem (MEA 2005).As an integral part of the terrestrial ecosystem, soils play a crucial role in the provision of a myriad of so-called&nbsp;soil ecosystem services. Soil is the basis of Alpine ecosystems; it is a fundamental natural resource especially in the vulnerable Alpine Region. Through the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2396,"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions\/2396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alpinesoils.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}